History (english)

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  • Beteiligte Poster: Ali G
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  • Forum gestartet am: Mittwoch 20.09.2006
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    Re: History (english)

    Ali G - 15.11.2006, 21:13

    History (english)
    Counter-terrorism tactical units

    Main article: Special forces

    Today, many countries have special units designated to handle terrorist threats. Besides various security agencies, there are elite tactical units whose role is to directly engage terrorists and prevent terrorist attacks. Such units perform both in preventive actions, hostage rescue and responding to on-going attacks.

    These units are specially trained and equipped for CQB with emphasis on stealth and performing the mission with minimal casualties. The units include take-over force (assault teams), snipers, EOD experts, dog handlers and intelligence officers.

    Examples include United States Marine Corps Force Recon, British, Australian and New Zealand SAS regiments, Israeli YAMAM, American Police SWAT teams, Canadian JTF-2and the German Police GSG 9. However, it is rare that military units such as the Israeli Sayeret Matkal, German KSK, the U.S. Navy's DEVGRU or the U.S. Army's Delta Force actually engage in counter-terrorism operations, as they are largely prevented by either jurisdiction or laws like the Posse Comitatus Act from operating in their own country.

    Thus, the majority of counter-terrorism operations at the tactical level, are conducted by state, federal and national law enforcement agencies or intelligence agencies, such as the FBI, MI5 [1], Scotland Yard SO15[2],the ATF, or the Mossad. Obviously, for countries whose military are legally permitted to conduct police operations, this is a non-issue, and such counter-terrorism operations are conducted by their military.

    The majority of counter-terrorism operations actually take place at the intelligence level, through the use of covert surveillance (HUMINT), signals intelligence (SIGINT), satellite intelligence (GEOINT or SATINT), and electronic intelligence (ELINT). According to the U.S. Army's anti-terrorism level 1 training brief, the majority of terrorist cells are exposed during their surveillance attempts as it is the only time they are visible. By the time they carry out the actual operation, it is usually too late.

    Some famous counter-terrorism actions of the 20th century include the Entebbe raid by Israel, the response to the Achille Lauro hijacking, the Munich Olympics hostage rescue attempt and subsequent assassinations, the Iranian embassy siege and the Battle of Mogadishu.
    Counter-terrorism by country[show]
    Country Counter-terrorist units and agencies
    Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan Unknown
    Flag of Albania Albania Reparti i Neutralizimit te Elementit te Armatosur, Reparti i Operacioneve Speciale
    Flag of Algeria Algeria Groupe d'Intervention Spécial
    Flag of American Samoa American Samoa Defense is responsibility of the US
    Flag of Andorra Andorra Defense is responsibility of France
    Flag of Angola Angola Angolan Armed Forces
    Flag of Anguilla Anguilla Defense is responsibility of the UK
    Flag of Antarctica Antarctica Military action is expressly forbidden by the UN in this area
    Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force
    Flag of Argentina Argentina Brigada Especial Operativa Halcón, Grupo Especial de Operaciones Federales
    Flag of Armenia Armenia Unknown
    Flag of Australia Australia Australian Special Air Service Regiment, Tactical Assault Group, Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
    Flag of Austria Austria EKO Cobra, Jagdkommando
    Flag of The Bahamas Bahamas Royal Bahamas Defense Force
    Flag of Bahrain Bahrain Bahrain Defense Force
    Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh Rapid Action Battalion
    Flag of Barbados Barbados Barbados Defence Force
    Flag of Belarus Belarus Unknown
    Flag of Belgium Belgium Belgian State Security Service
    Flag of Belize Belize Belize Defence Force
    Flag of Benin Benin Unknown
    Flag of Bermuda Bermuda Defense is responsibility of the UK
    Flag of Bhutan Bhutan Royal Bhutan Army
    Flag of Bolivia Bolivia Polivalente
    Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown
    Flag of Botswana Botswana Botswana Defence Force
    Flag of Brazil Brazil Comando de Operações Táticas, Grupo de Ações Táticas Especiais
    Flag of Brunei Brunei Receives support from Australia
    Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria Nacionalna razuznavatelna sluzhba
    Flag of Burma Burma Unknown
    Flag of Cambodia Cambodia Royal Cambodian Armed Forces
    Flag of Cameroon Cameroon Unknown
    Flag of Canada Canada Joint Task Force 2, Emergency Response Team, Canadian Security Intelligence Service
    Flag of Central African Republic Central African Republic Unknown
    Flag of Chad Chad Currently being trained by the US
    Flag of Chile Chile Unidad Anti-Terrorista, Grupo de Operaciones Especiales
    Flag of People's Republic of China China (PRC) Immediate Action Unit
    Flag of Colombia Colombia Agrupación de Fuerzas Especiales Antiterroristas Urbanas
    Flag of Croatia Croatia Croatian Armed Forces
    Flag of Denmark Denmark Danish Frogman Corps, Jægerkorpset
    Flag of Egypt Egypt Unit 777
    Flag of El Salvador El Salvador Comando Especial Anti-Terrorista, Grupo de Reacción Policial, Grupo de Operaciones Especiales
    Flag of Finland Finland Karhu Ryhmä
    Flag of France France Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale
    Flag of Germany Germany Grenzschutzgruppe 9, Kommando Spezialkräfte
    Flag of Hong Kong Hong Kong Special Duties Unit, Airport Security Unit
    Flag of Iceland Iceland Víkingasveitin
    Flag of India India National Security Guards, MARCOS
    Flag of Indonesia Indonesia Kopassus, Tontaipur, Detasemen Bravo
    Flag of Israel Israel Sayeret Matkal, YAMAM, LOTAR Eilat
    Flag of Italy Italy Gruppo di Intervento Speciale, Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza
    Flag of Japan Japan Special Assault Team, S Unit
    Flag of Latvia Latvia OMEGA, Speciālo uzdevumu vienība
    Flag of Macau Macau Grupo de Operações Especiais
    Flag of Malaysia Malaysia Paskal, Paskau
    Flag of Mexico Mexico Fuerzas Especiales, Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales del Alto Mando, Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales, Grupo de Operaciones Especiales
    Flag of Netherlands Netherlands Korps Commandotroepen, Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid
    Flag of New Zealand New Zealand Special Air Service of New Zealand
    Flag of Norway Norway Forsvarets Spesialkommando, Hærens Jegerkommando, Beredskapstroppen
    Flag of Philippines Philippines Special Action Force, Light Reaction Battalion, 1st Scout Ranger Regiment, 1st Special Forces Regiment (Airborne), 710th Special Operations Wing, Philippine Marine Corps Force Recon Battalion, Special Warfare Group, Special Reaction Unit
    Flag of Poland Poland GROM, 1st Special Commando Regiment
    Flag of Portugal Portugal Grupo de Operações Especiais
    Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Special Emergency Force
    Flag of Spain Spain Grupo Especial de Operaciones, Unidad Especial de Intervención
    Flag of Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro Specijalna Antiteroristička Jedinica, 63rd Paratroop Brigade
    Flag of Singapore Singapore Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group, Singapore Special Operations Force, Special Operations Command
    Flag of South Korea South Korea 707th Special Mission Unit
    Flag of Sweden Sweden Säkerhetspolisen, Nationella insatssyrkan
    Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom Special Air Service, Special Boat Service, MI5, Special Branch (Metropolitan Police Service)
    Flag of United States United States Local SWAT units, DEVGRU, Delta Force, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group
    Flag of Vietnam Vietnam Cảnh sát đặc nhiệm (Special Mission Police), Cảnh sát cơ động (Immediate Reaction Force)

    [edit] Anti-terrorism

    The concept of anti-terrorism emerges from a thorough examining of the concept of terrorism as well as an attempt to understand and articulate what constitutes terrorism in Western terms. Anti-terrorism was bound to emerge as the stakes for a concise definition of terrorism are raised. Unlike counter-terrorism, the prefix "anti-" suggests a diplomatic and less confrontational line than counter-terrorism. Like its mirror terminology, it is a broad term, though it is invoked far less often.

    Since September 11th, 2001, leaders in Western nations have emphasized the importance of living a full life with no undue fear, burden, no less valor. This is commonly posited as an average citizen's way to help "defeat terrorism". Prescription of such reactive behavior has faded from the public discourse in more recent years. In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security was created and the War on Terrorism has shifted to diplomatic and other fronts like Iraq. There had been numerous cases made for the abuse of the term Anti-terrorism as a general umbrella under which cause is formulated to stifle civil liberties and dissipate dissent.

    [edit] Anti-terrorism legislation

    Main article: Anti-terrorism legislation

    In the wake of the London bombings of 7 July and 21 July 2005, the term has been used to describe legislative measures in both the United Kingdom and Australia which extend unprecedented powers to law enforcement. Such powers facilitate more aggressive methods of detainment and investigation of persons suspected of terrorism.

    The legislation in Australia allows police to detain suspects for up to two weeks without charge, and to electronically track suspects for up to a year. In both countries, with entrenched liberal democratic traditions, the measures have been controversial and have been criticised by civil libertarians and Islamic groups.



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