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Geschlecht:  Anmeldungsdatum: 20.09.2006 Beiträge: 22
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Verfasst am: 15.11.2006, 21:13 Titel: History (english) |
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Counter-terrorism tactical units
Main article: Special forces
Today, many countries have special units designated to handle terrorist threats. Besides various security agencies, there are elite tactical units whose role is to directly engage terrorists and prevent terrorist attacks. Such units perform both in preventive actions, hostage rescue and responding to on-going attacks.
These units are specially trained and equipped for CQB with emphasis on stealth and performing the mission with minimal casualties. The units include take-over force (assault teams), snipers, EOD experts, dog handlers and intelligence officers.
Examples include United States Marine Corps Force Recon, British, Australian and New Zealand SAS regiments, Israeli YAMAM, American Police SWAT teams, Canadian JTF-2and the German Police GSG 9. However, it is rare that military units such as the Israeli Sayeret Matkal, German KSK, the U.S. Navy's DEVGRU or the U.S. Army's Delta Force actually engage in counter-terrorism operations, as they are largely prevented by either jurisdiction or laws like the Posse Comitatus Act from operating in their own country.
Thus, the majority of counter-terrorism operations at the tactical level, are conducted by state, federal and national law enforcement agencies or intelligence agencies, such as the FBI, MI5 [1], Scotland Yard SO15[2],the ATF, or the Mossad. Obviously, for countries whose military are legally permitted to conduct police operations, this is a non-issue, and such counter-terrorism operations are conducted by their military.
The majority of counter-terrorism operations actually take place at the intelligence level, through the use of covert surveillance (HUMINT), signals intelligence (SIGINT), satellite intelligence (GEOINT or SATINT), and electronic intelligence (ELINT). According to the U.S. Army's anti-terrorism level 1 training brief, the majority of terrorist cells are exposed during their surveillance attempts as it is the only time they are visible. By the time they carry out the actual operation, it is usually too late.
Some famous counter-terrorism actions of the 20th century include the Entebbe raid by Israel, the response to the Achille Lauro hijacking, the Munich Olympics hostage rescue attempt and subsequent assassinations, the Iranian embassy siege and the Battle of Mogadishu.
Counter-terrorism by country[show]
Country Counter-terrorist units and agencies
Flag of Afghanistan Afghanistan Unknown
Flag of Albania Albania Reparti i Neutralizimit te Elementit te Armatosur, Reparti i Operacioneve Speciale
Flag of Algeria Algeria Groupe d'Intervention Spécial
Flag of American Samoa American Samoa Defense is responsibility of the US
Flag of Andorra Andorra Defense is responsibility of France
Flag of Angola Angola Angolan Armed Forces
Flag of Anguilla Anguilla Defense is responsibility of the UK
Flag of Antarctica Antarctica Military action is expressly forbidden by the UN in this area
Flag of Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Royal Antigua and Barbuda Defence Force
Flag of Argentina Argentina Brigada Especial Operativa Halcón, Grupo Especial de Operaciones Federales
Flag of Armenia Armenia Unknown
Flag of Australia Australia Australian Special Air Service Regiment, Tactical Assault Group, Australian Security Intelligence Organisation
Flag of Austria Austria EKO Cobra, Jagdkommando
Flag of The Bahamas Bahamas Royal Bahamas Defense Force
Flag of Bahrain Bahrain Bahrain Defense Force
Flag of Bangladesh Bangladesh Rapid Action Battalion
Flag of Barbados Barbados Barbados Defence Force
Flag of Belarus Belarus Unknown
Flag of Belgium Belgium Belgian State Security Service
Flag of Belize Belize Belize Defence Force
Flag of Benin Benin Unknown
Flag of Bermuda Bermuda Defense is responsibility of the UK
Flag of Bhutan Bhutan Royal Bhutan Army
Flag of Bolivia Bolivia Polivalente
Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Unknown
Flag of Botswana Botswana Botswana Defence Force
Flag of Brazil Brazil Comando de Operações Táticas, Grupo de Ações Táticas Especiais
Flag of Brunei Brunei Receives support from Australia
Flag of Bulgaria Bulgaria Nacionalna razuznavatelna sluzhba
Flag of Burma Burma Unknown
Flag of Cambodia Cambodia Royal Cambodian Armed Forces
Flag of Cameroon Cameroon Unknown
Flag of Canada Canada Joint Task Force 2, Emergency Response Team, Canadian Security Intelligence Service
Flag of Central African Republic Central African Republic Unknown
Flag of Chad Chad Currently being trained by the US
Flag of Chile Chile Unidad Anti-Terrorista, Grupo de Operaciones Especiales
Flag of People's Republic of China China (PRC) Immediate Action Unit
Flag of Colombia Colombia Agrupación de Fuerzas Especiales Antiterroristas Urbanas
Flag of Croatia Croatia Croatian Armed Forces
Flag of Denmark Denmark Danish Frogman Corps, Jægerkorpset
Flag of Egypt Egypt Unit 777
Flag of El Salvador El Salvador Comando Especial Anti-Terrorista, Grupo de Reacción Policial, Grupo de Operaciones Especiales
Flag of Finland Finland Karhu Ryhmä
Flag of France France Groupe d'Intervention de la Gendarmerie Nationale
Flag of Germany Germany Grenzschutzgruppe 9, Kommando Spezialkräfte
Flag of Hong Kong Hong Kong Special Duties Unit, Airport Security Unit
Flag of Iceland Iceland Víkingasveitin
Flag of India India National Security Guards, MARCOS
Flag of Indonesia Indonesia Kopassus, Tontaipur, Detasemen Bravo
Flag of Israel Israel Sayeret Matkal, YAMAM, LOTAR Eilat
Flag of Italy Italy Gruppo di Intervento Speciale, Nucleo Operativo Centrale di Sicurezza
Flag of Japan Japan Special Assault Team, S Unit
Flag of Latvia Latvia OMEGA, Speciālo uzdevumu vienība
Flag of Macau Macau Grupo de Operações Especiais
Flag of Malaysia Malaysia Paskal, Paskau
Flag of Mexico Mexico Fuerzas Especiales, Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales del Alto Mando, Grupo Aeromóvil de Fuerzas Especiales, Grupo de Operaciones Especiales
Flag of Netherlands Netherlands Korps Commandotroepen, Bijzondere Bijstands Eenheid
Flag of New Zealand New Zealand Special Air Service of New Zealand
Flag of Norway Norway Forsvarets Spesialkommando, Hærens Jegerkommando, Beredskapstroppen
Flag of Philippines Philippines Special Action Force, Light Reaction Battalion, 1st Scout Ranger Regiment, 1st Special Forces Regiment (Airborne), 710th Special Operations Wing, Philippine Marine Corps Force Recon Battalion, Special Warfare Group, Special Reaction Unit
Flag of Poland Poland GROM, 1st Special Commando Regiment
Flag of Portugal Portugal Grupo de Operações Especiais
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Special Emergency Force
Flag of Spain Spain Grupo Especial de Operaciones, Unidad Especial de Intervención
Flag of Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro Specijalna Antiteroristička Jedinica, 63rd Paratroop Brigade
Flag of Singapore Singapore Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Explosive Defence Group, Singapore Special Operations Force, Special Operations Command
Flag of South Korea South Korea 707th Special Mission Unit
Flag of Sweden Sweden Säkerhetspolisen, Nationella insatssyrkan
Flag of United Kingdom United Kingdom Special Air Service, Special Boat Service, MI5, Special Branch (Metropolitan Police Service)
Flag of United States United States Local SWAT units, DEVGRU, Delta Force, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Central Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, National Security Agency, Proactive and Preemptive Operations Group
Flag of Vietnam Vietnam Cảnh sát đặc nhiệm (Special Mission Police), Cảnh sát cơ động (Immediate Reaction Force)
[edit] Anti-terrorism
The concept of anti-terrorism emerges from a thorough examining of the concept of terrorism as well as an attempt to understand and articulate what constitutes terrorism in Western terms. Anti-terrorism was bound to emerge as the stakes for a concise definition of terrorism are raised. Unlike counter-terrorism, the prefix "anti-" suggests a diplomatic and less confrontational line than counter-terrorism. Like its mirror terminology, it is a broad term, though it is invoked far less often.
Since September 11th, 2001, leaders in Western nations have emphasized the importance of living a full life with no undue fear, burden, no less valor. This is commonly posited as an average citizen's way to help "defeat terrorism". Prescription of such reactive behavior has faded from the public discourse in more recent years. In the United States, the Department of Homeland Security was created and the War on Terrorism has shifted to diplomatic and other fronts like Iraq. There had been numerous cases made for the abuse of the term Anti-terrorism as a general umbrella under which cause is formulated to stifle civil liberties and dissipate dissent.
[edit] Anti-terrorism legislation
Main article: Anti-terrorism legislation
In the wake of the London bombings of 7 July and 21 July 2005, the term has been used to describe legislative measures in both the United Kingdom and Australia which extend unprecedented powers to law enforcement. Such powers facilitate more aggressive methods of detainment and investigation of persons suspected of terrorism.
The legislation in Australia allows police to detain suspects for up to two weeks without charge, and to electronically track suspects for up to a year. In both countries, with entrenched liberal democratic traditions, the measures have been controversial and have been criticised by civil libertarians and Islamic groups. |
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